Water Level Monitoring Sensor : 11 Steps (with Pictures)

2.1 Microcontroller

1. Raspberry Pi Pico W

• Acts as the main controller of the system

• Handles sensor data acquisition, WiFi connectivity, and MQTT communication

• Chosen based on lecturer recommendation and built-in wireless capability

2.2 Sensors

2. AJ-SR04M Waterproof Ultrasonic Sensor

• Function: Measures water level (cm)

• Advantage: Waterproof and suitable for outdoor water monitoring

3. DS18B20 Waterproof Temperature Sensor

• Function: Measures water temperature (°C)

• Advantage: High accuracy and waterproof probe

4. DHT22 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

• Function: Measures air temperature (°C) and humidity (%)

• Advantage: Stable readings and suitable for environmental monitoring

2.3 Power Supply

5. 20,000mAh USB Power Bank

• Supplies power to the Raspberry Pi Pico W

• Supports long-term deployment (≥ 7 days)

• Easy plug-and-play via USB

2.4 Supporting Electronic Components

6. Voltage Divider Resistors (e.g., 1kΩ & 2kΩ)

• Used to step down the ultrasonic sensor Echo signal from 5V to 3.3V

• Protects the Raspberry Pi Pico W GPIO pins

7. Breadboard

• Used for sensor wiring and testing

8. Jumper Wires (Male-to-Male / Male-to-Female)

• Used for electrical connections between components

2.5 Enclosure & Mechanical Components

9. IP65 Waterproof Electrical Junction Box

• Protects electronic components from water and dust

• Suitable for outdoor installation

10. Cable Glands

• Provides waterproof cable entry for sensors

• Improves physical robustness