Using SOQL for a batch update?

I’m fairly new to Salesforce. I’m curious if I can use a SOQL query to do a batch update? I have experience with SQL, and I know this would be easy using SQL with something like Oracle or Postgres or MySQL. But can I do this with SOQL?

Here is the request that I was asked to complete:

On the Lead object, find the field “Most Recent Campaign.” Then find the parent campaign for that campaign. If the parent’s campaign name is “Via Terra 2022” or “Via Terra 2023” then the Most Recent Campaign field on the Lead should simply be “Via Terra.”

I’m adding a Flow so this is done automatically in the future, but I also need to update the older, existing records.

I’m curious if I can accomplish this by running a SOQL statement in the Developer Console?