RabbitMQ slow message consumption, specifically on a Google Cloud VM

I have a rabbitmq server running on a Google Cloud VM (e2-small), which is used to allow communication between services running on other VMs.

I am experiencing slow message consumption, which results in queues building up from very few messages per second. We are unable to consume more than ~70 messages per second.

When investigating this issue, I have set up local versions of the different services, communicating with the rabbitmq server on Google Cloud, but the message consumption rate is the same.

I have tried:

• Removing all logic from the consumers in spring applications, so they are just an empty method, but the message consumption rate was the same.
• Testing with different servers. I have a rabbitmq server on a Microsoft Azure VM and on a private server at my building. Both of those were set up with identical configuration (same plugins and nothing in rabbitmq.conf) but I didn’t experience slow message consumption on either, just the Google Cloud VM.
• Recreating Google Cloud VM with higher specs, e2-medium and e2-standard (no change)
• Reinstalling rabbitmq server at latest version (no change)
• Checked the rabbitmq management dashboard to ensure no limits or policies are set

What could be causing a slow message consumption rate, only when rabbitmq server is on the Google Cloud VM?