A Dynamic Predictive Model for Evaluating the Impact of Physical and Social Factors on Energy Conservation in Buildings

The influence of physical and social elements on building energy has been extensively explored and recognized as a critical determinant alongside global building energy efficiency. This study examined four key elements determining building energy consumption: location, building characteristics, occupant factors, and energy usage patterns. The End-Use Energy Predictive Model was introduced to simulate 80 dynamic models using climate and latitude data. Of the eight parameters in the sensitivity analysis, it is essential to determine the number of thermal zones to optimize end-use energy; wall insulation can decrease energy consumption by 35%, and the energy-efficient configuration can achieve a 31% reduction in usage. Integrating four intensity levels reduces EUE by 29% to 81%. This predictive model provides in-depth energy-saving suggestions in extreme environments, unique architecture, and various social behaviors, unveiling practical and specific predictive tools for building energy efficiency strategies across many detailed scenarios.