Problems with detecting database tables

Thanks for your patience.

While trying out the sample mentioned in the article step by step I got the option of adding the firewall and then I could see the tables listed in the database.

Could you please also check in your Azure Portal if any client IP is added there under the Azure SQL Server? If not added you can try adding IP once and check if it resolves the issue.

Also on the SQL Server Object Explorer, please right click the database and select New Query, if the client IP is not added this should also pop up the option of adding the client IP firewall.

I tried with a new SQL database, was it existing database in your case?